WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TUTORIALS HOME   Table of Contents of this Web Site Welcome to this website on the fundamentals of Wireless Communication. The contents are arranged according to subject: Summary of Network Concepts and Standards Analog electronics and RF front ends Wireless Channels and Mobile Propagation Cellular Telephone Networks Analog and Digital Transmission Wireless Data Networks Business and Regulatory Aspects Capita Selecta Slide Shows Further reading Postscript and Acrobat files Recommended books and papers Computer Programs Audio, streaming, podcasts This web site has been created by Jean-Paul Linnartz. The tutorial on wireless communication systems, as presented on this web site is now available as open source. Previously, the contents have been developed for lectures and short various courses, mostly in the period 1995-2001. I apologize for some material that may have become a bit outdated in this rapidly developing field. Nonetheless I hope that the material can be useful for your studies. I would greatly appreciate it if you can personally help me in updating and extending this web site. In particular, I encourage PhD students to submit portions of their introductory, overview chapters and literature surveys for inclusion as new web pages. All copyrights reside with the respective authors of the pages. Interested in science, technology and Innovation? We invite you to listen to Radio 4 Brainport

Science, technology, innovation and the best music, 24/7 on the internet from the City of Light. Visit our website at radio4brainport.org

• Overview and discussion of Wireless (Data) Systems in Germany,
• Evolution of systems, spectrum allocations for mobile services. Security
• Telephony
  • Cellular Telephony
    • GSM: Radio standard (Basic principles explained as a fairy tale), Business aspects, Network
    • U.S. cellular telephony: analogue AMPS, digital IS 54 and IS 95. PCS
    • Japan: PDC
    • IMT 2000 (FLPMTS), UMTS
  • Cordless telephony
    • Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone (DECT)
• Broadcast Systems
  • broadcast standards,
    • Radio Data System (RDS/RBDS)
  • Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM)
  • Digital Video Broadcasting
    • DVB / DTTB
    • copyright protection and conditional access: General description of pay TV Pay TV and storage devices - Copy(right) protection Hardware for cryptographic protection Overview of existing conditional access video broadcast systems
  • MVDS Microwave distribution, "wireless cable"
• Data and Multi-Media Systems
  • Wireless LANs and ISM bands, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 1394, HIPERLAN, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Windflex
  • Broadband Wireless Multimedia Systems, U.C. Berkeley Infopad (broadband CDMA design)
  • Mobile (macro-cellular) data networks
    • CDPD: Network Architecture, Protocol issues for Mobile Station, Base Station, Intermediate System: Channel Sniffing, Handover, Roaming.
    • Wireless Data Systems in Germany
    • Paging
  • Wireless Computing, software downloading, software radios
  • Packet Radio
• Satellite Systems: geo stationary, IRIDIUM and Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) systems
• Wireless infrared
• Road Transportation Informatics, Communication for IVHS and AVCS, Digital Short Range Communication DSRC

• RF front end components
  • Antenna filters
  • Low noise amplifiers
  • Mixers
  • Local oscillators
  • Bandpass filters
  • Analog to Digital convertors
  • Power amplifiers
    
• Front-end architectures
  • Zero IF
  • Super heterodyne
• Performance of RF frontends
  • Noise figure
  • Linearity and IP3
  • IQ imbalance
  • Power optimization of a cascade
• Digital compensation of RF imperfections
• Antennas
• Antenna Gain

• Large scale and small scale propagation mechanisms
  • Path loss propagation models
    • Free space loss
    • Plane earth loss, ground reflections, Propagation for AM broadcast radio
    • Diffraction
  • Shadowing, joint effect of multiple interferers.
  • Multipath Fading
    • Wide Sense Stationary Uncorrelated Scattering (WSSUC)
    • Scatter function, SRCM model
    • Rayleigh fading
      • PDF of amplitude and power
      • Doppler spectrum, rate of fading, random FM
      • Threshold crossing rate TCR and average fade duration AFD
      • Delay spread and coherence bandwidth
      • Samples of typical Rayleigh channels
      • Channel simulation methods, Java phasor animation
    • Rician fading
      • PDF of amplitude and power, Bessel Function
      • How to measure K-factor?
    • Nakagami fading
      • PDF of power,
      • Using a Nakagami model to approximate Rician fading
• Channel Models
  • Macro cellular channel
  • Micro-Cellular channel
  • Indoor channel at 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 17 GHz, 60 GHz, infrared
  • Indoor Radio wave Propagation Measurements and Stochastic Channel modelling
  • vehicle-to-vehicle channel
• Reciprocity of uplink and downlink.
• Optical Wireless Communication, LiFi  

• Systems and Standards: see above.
• Radio Resource Management
  • Cellular frequency reuse, cell sizes, practical aspects of cell planning
  • Multiple access: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA
  • Cell sectorization, reuse partitioning, dynamic channel assignment (DCA)
  • Virtual cellular Network, later called Cell-free network  
  • Digital Speech Interpolation (DSI)
  • Fixed and Dynamic Channel Allocation
• Link Quality Performance Evaluation and Network Performance Analysis
  • Protection ratio, Outage probability, useful expressions, computer methods.
  • Man-made noise and link-budget
  • Cumulation of interference: Nakagami fading, method by Schwartz & Yeh
  • Call blocking, speech clipping, subjective speech quality, Erlang B and C formulas
  • Spectrum efficiency versus performance
• Network Aspects
  • Handover, soft handover
  • Security

• Modulation methods. BPSK, DQPSK, FSK, GMSK, QAM
• Effects of fading and dispersion (for analog and digital)
• Noise: AWGN and matched filters
• Bit error rates
  • BER in very slowly fading channel, BER in cellular network
• Multicarrier modulation and OFDM;
  • Intuitive and mathematical description
  • frequency domain channel simulation
  • OFDM for DTTB
• Spread spectrum
  • Direct sequence transmission
    • Selection of spreading codes
    • Synchronization acquisition and tracking
    • RAKE receiver, Multiuser detection, Antenna array processing
    • Power control
    • CDMA for packet data: Performance
  • Frequency hopping
    • Hop sequences
  • Orthogonal Multi-Carrier CDMA, CDMA/OFDM
    • Receiver aspects: subcarrier weighing
  • Hybrid DS/FH Spreading CDMA
    • design aspects of WISSCE: A Hybrid DS/FH CDMA Communication System
    • BER of a DS/FH CDMA System employing MFSK Modulation
  • Wideband channel models: resolvable paths, multipath self-interference,
• Reeiver techniques
  • Basic principles of GSM explained as a fairy tale: The Story of Big Solitude and Mostly Silent
  • Diversity techniques
    • Selection diversity, Equal Gain Combining, Maximum Ratio Combining
    • Interference Rejection Combining (Smart antennas), CDMA Array Processing
  • Coding
    • Viterbi decoder, Animation

• Wireless data networking. How does it differ from digital telephony?
• Data systems and concepts: see Systems and Concepts.
• Queuing delay in cellular data networks
• Random access
  • Methods and principles
    • ALOHA
      • Throughput
      • Drift of Backlog, Stability, Dynamic Frame Length
      • Cellular ALOHA Networks, Frequency Reuse and ALOHA
      • Direct Sequence spreading in random access radio
    • CSMA
      • Effect of delays
      • Hidden terminal problem
    • ISMA (busy tone feedback)
    • Collision resolution schemes:
      • Adaptive retransmission backoff
      • Stack algorithm, Tree algorithm
      • Dynamic Frame Length ALOHA
      • Spatial Collision Resolution
    • Access reservation schemes: PRMA, STRMA
  • Performance Analysis
    • Throughput versus Offered Traffic
    • Receiver capture, vulnerability to interference
    • Stability and delay
    • Spatial distribution of packet traffic
  • Diversity in random access networks

• The technical issues in wireless communication, the problem of user mobility
• History; Evolution of systems towards PCS
• Economics of wireless access:
  • The last mile,
  • The cost of cellular phones and business models of operators.
  • The market value of the radio spectrum
  • Example of tariffing in GSM
• Success factors for innovations in information services

• Glossary and Acronyms
  • on wireless communication (The buzz words)
  • on video and television
  • Road Traffic Informatics
• List of main mathematical symbols
• Companies active in Wireless and Cellular
• Organizations and Standards
  • ISO
    • ISO layers
  • DAVIC
  • Conférence Européenne des Postes et des Télécommunications CEPT; ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Organisation
  • ITU: International Telecommunications Union
  • DVB: Digital Video Broadcasting
  • FCC: Federal Communications Commission, USA
• Historical setting
• Research directions in Propagation; Wireless Computing
• Electronic Watermarking (an application of spread spectrum in image processing)

Slides, Presentations and References

Courses, Presentations

educational tools and exercises.

Have a look at the wireless communication quizzes or the radio link design exercise.

The glossary helps you to rapidly acquire the buzz words of this field.

See an animated SMIL overview or a word of welcome plus a selection of audio fragments from interviews featured.

Playlists provide a selection of longer audio clips, talks and interviews. 

Acrobat Course Slides

• Fundamentals
• System Issues
• System Concepts and Standards
  • History of wireless.
  • First and Second Generation Cellular and Cordless
  • Future Cellular and Cordless Systems
  • US Personal Communications Systems
  • Mobile Data
  • Mobile Satellite
• Transmission Aspects
  • Macroscopic Propagation Mechanisms
  • Microscopic Propagation Mechanisms (Multipath)
  • Diversity
  • Modulation methods
    • Expressions for Bit error rates
    • Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
    • Direct Sequence CDMA
    • Performance of DS-CDMA Rake Receiver
    • CDMA Array Processing
    • Multi-Carrier CDMA
  • Man Made Noise
  • Power Control
• Research Projects;
  • Research Projects
  • US Government Research Initiatives

  Powerpoint® slides

• UMTS by Raul Bruzzone HTML pointer
• Propagation: Basics, Intermediate, Advanced
• Bluetooth (HTML)
• History (HTML)
• RF front/end tutorials : design basics, imperfections

Exercises and educational tools

• Quizzes
• Radio link design exercise.
• Path loss exercise
• Aloha collision resolution exercise
• Channel assignment game

Further reading

Postscript® and Acrobat PDF® printable documents

• Overview of large-scale propagation models (PS; PDF)
• Statistical Propagation models (PS; PDF)
• Rician and Rayleigh fading
  • Statistical behavior of Inphase and Quadrature components (PS; PDF)
  • Statistical behavior of amplitude (PS; PDF)
• Outage Probabilities (PDF)
• Delay in Cellular Networks (PDF)
• Direct sequence CDMA
  • General Discussion (PS; PDF)
  • Performance of synchronous DS-CDMA downlink (PS; PDF)
• Multi-Carrier CDMA: discussion (PS/PDF) and slides (PDF)
• Turbo coding and OFDM (PDF 1, 2, 3)
• Road Traffic Informatics
  • Vehicle-to-vehicle channel model: theory and measurements
  • Vehicle-to-vehicle links
  • Base-to-vehicle communication

• Overview of text books
• Evolution of Wireless Systems
• Wireless Services
  • Pricing (and economic models used in system control)
  • Road Traffic Informatics
• Cellular Systems
  • Performance
  • Microcellular Networks
  • Handover Techniques
  • Channel Allocation
• Propagation
• Transmission aspects
  • Modulation and Demodulation
  • Multi-Carrier Modulation
• Packet Data
  • Wireless Access
  • Random Access: ALOHA, CSMA
  • Collision Resolution
  • Wireless Internet (IP) Protocol
• Networks
  • Wireless Network Architecture
  • Operating Systems
  • Tele-Traffic Models

• Programmers Guidelines and Hints

  • Hints for program to compute Outage Probability in cellular network with Rayleigh fading, shadowing and path loss. (see also Javascript)

• MS DOS and Windows® EXE files

  • PROMOT Planning Tool for gathering telemetric data (DOS Executable).
  • STRMA Space - Time Reservation Multiple Access (PC Windows Executable)
  • Watermark correlation detector for digital images. (Description, executables)

• Java® Applets

  • Phasor diagrams for Rayleigh fading.
  • Phasor diagrams for AM, NBPM and FM modulation.
  • Calculator in design exercise.
  • Viterbi decoding
  • Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA), BDCL

• JavaScript® Embedded Calculators, Spreadsheets

  • Time constants of Rayleigh fading, average fade duration, Doppler spread, level crossing rate
  • Link budget
  • Free space loss
  • Egli's path loss model
  • Path loss, incl. Egli, Hata
  • Indoor path loss
  • Single knife edge diffraction loss
  • Erlang B
  • Spectrum efficiency
  • Outage probability:
    • Comprehensive: Rayleigh fading, shadowing
    • Rician fading
  • Gold sequences: crosscorrelation
  • PDF of Power sum of multiple lognormal signal
  • Effective throughput, packet length
  • Bit Error Rate
    • BER for BPSK, QPSK, MSK and FSK with Rician fading,
      SER for QAM in Rayleigh fading
    • BER for DS-CDMA with rake receiver
    • BER for OFDM with Doppler

• Matlab® Code

  • Effect of Doppler on OFDM, MC-CDMA
  • Frequency-domain (OFDM, MC-CDMA) channel modelling
  • BER and SER for OFDM: ser.m func.m and summ.m
  • BER of a hybrid FH/DS CDMA system in flat Rician Fading

Disclaimer: Executable software programs are provided with no guarantee whatsoever.
Some browsers do not support Java applets or JavaScript 1.2. See License.

 

Editor: Jean-Paul Linnartz
Other authors, contributors, artists

Wireless Communication
© 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2006.

 

No part of this presentation may be distributed, reproduced or copied in any information storage and retrieval system, or distributed in print without permission in writing from the copyright owner.