Appropriate Choice of Packet Length
Multipath fading affects the throughput of data packets on a wireless
Rayleigh-fading link:
If the rate of fading is fast, relative to the packet length, it is likely that each received packet contains burst errors.
- This can, to some extent, be combatted with strong error correction, but
- preferably one uses short packets, with retransmission of packets lost in deep fades.
Example 1: Noise-Limited Rayleigh-Fading Link

Figure: Probability that a packet is received without fade in a (frequency nonselective) Rayleigh fading channel
versus fade margin. Orange: single Rayleigh fading interferer, no noise. Violet: Many weak interferers or Gaussian Noise. Various data block or "packet" durations T, relative to Doppler spread f.

Figure: Effective Throughput of fade-free packets in a (non-selective) Rayleigh fading channel, as a function of number of bits (48 header bits not included) in a packet for bit rates of 1200; 16k and 256 kbit/s. Doppler spread 60 Hz. Fade margin 10 dB.
Example 2: ALOHA Random Access

Figure: Probability of successful transmission in wireless data network with ALOHA random
access, versus terminal location.
- Average message arrival and retransmission from a Poisson process with average rate of
1 packet transmission per unit of time.
- Terminals
quasi-uniformly distributed over cell, with cell boundary approximately at unity distance.
- Receiver threshold 6 dB.
- Plane earth loss (40 log d)
and narrowband Rayleigh fading.
- Various packet durationsT, normalized to the Doppler spread.
- Median signal-to-noise ratio (for user at distance 0.734)
is 20 dB.
How to select a bit rate?
Packet length and rate of fading
Slow versus fast fading. Role of error correction
Fast bit rates ensure good throughput:
Most packets are successful, but some are lost in fade.
With slow transmission rates on the other hand, all packets are likely to contain one or more bursts
of errors, so virtually all packets may be lost.
Note however, that with increasing bit rates, channel dispersion becomes a problem.