vertical dipole is omni-directional in horizontal plane

G(f) = 1.5

Uniform angle of arrival of reflected waves

Many weak i.i.d reflections; no dominant wave

Received Power Spectrum

Centered around f_c

Width 2 f_D

Magnetic loop antenna

G(f) = 1.5 sin² (f - f₀)

with f₀ the direction angle of the antenna

This antenna removes some portion of the spectrum

JPL's Wireless Communication Reference Website © Jean-Paul M.G. Linnartz, 1993, 1995.